Black elderberry ( Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials. Elderberry extract outpatient influenza treatment for emergency room patients ages 5 and above: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Elderberry for prevention and treatment of viral respiratory illnesses: a systematic review. Wieland LS, Piechotta V, Feinberg T, et al. A review of the antiviral properties of black elder ( Sambucus nigra L.) products. as a functional ingredient for food and pharmaceutical industry. Bioactive properties of Sambucus nigra L. Młynarczyk K, Walkowiak-Tomczak D, Łysiak GP. Department of Agriculture: FoodData Central.
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. However, the researchers noted that further research is still needed.
A recent systematic review found that elderberry may be a safe option for reducing the severity and duration of respiratory infections like the common cold and flu.A 2004 study found symptom improvement four days sooner in those who were given 3 teaspoons of black elderberry four times daily.The elderberry group and placebo group had a similar infection rate. However, although it appeared to lower the duration and severity of the illness, it did not prevent infection. A 2016 study on airline passengers suggested using elderberry extract for 10 days before and five days after a flight led to milder symptoms and 50% fewer sick days from cold illnesses.In a 2019 study on elderberry for cold and flu, elderberry appeared to reduce the duration of upper airway symptoms caused by the flu when taken at the onset of symptoms.Adults were given 3 teaspoons four times daily, and children were given 3 teaspoons twice daily.
However, people who did not take Tamiflu but took black elderberry had a longer illness duration. Some participants also took Tamiflu (oseltamivir), a common antiviral treatment.
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